A Comprehensive Guide to Drug Testing in SLP Graduate Programs

A review of over 20 SLP program handbooks reveals that drug testing policies are far from uniform: some require screening at admission, others only before clinical rotations, and a handful never mention it. That inconsistency feeds a quiet anxiety, a common source of SLP grad school application stress: what if an unexpected positive result blocks your path into a clinic? The stakes are high because a failed test can delay or derail a clinical placement, and repeated failures may trigger dismissal from the program. For most applicants, the most stressful part is not the test itself but the uncertainty of what’s required and when. No single policy governs all programs, and the burden of discovering a program’s specific requirements falls squarely on the applicant.

Is Drug Testing Common in SLP Graduate Programs?

When you're trying to get into SLP grad school, it's easy to assume drug testing is an exception rather than the rule. Our review of over 20 official SLP program handbooks and websites from across the country paints a more nuanced picture: roughly one-quarter to one-third of programs explicitly state a drug testing requirement in their published policies.⁵ But that number only tells part of the story.

When Programs Require Testing: Admission vs. Clinical Placement

A critical distinction is when the screen happens. Only about 10 to 15 percent of programs tie testing to initial admission.⁵ Far more common is a requirement linked to SLP clinical placements, the hands-on experiences that begin early in most curriculums. Because clinical sites like hospitals, school districts, and rehabilitation centers often mandate their own drug screens, even programs that don't list testing in their handbook can end up requiring it. An estimated 25 to 40 percent of programs fall into this site-driven category, meaning the decision isn't made by the university but by the facility where you'll be working with patients.⁵

Take Sacred Heart University, for example: its graduate clinical manual states that drug screening is required only when clinical facilities mandate it.¹ At Rush University, students must comply with both the University Medical Center's drug testing policies and any external practicum site requirements.² These examples highlight how a program that appears to have no testing policy can suddenly enforce one the moment you start clinical rotations.

What the Numbers Don’t Tell You: Variability Across States and Schools

ASHA accreditation standards don't mandate drug testing, leaving each program and each clinical site to set its own rules. That means requirements vary dramatically. At one end of the spectrum, Texas Woman's University requires a drug screen before any clinical experience and again every 12 months, with a non-negative result leading to dismissal.³ The University of Louisiana at Lafayette goes further, asking for a 10-panel drug screen even before enrollment in courses.⁴ Missouri State University explicitly states that refusal or a positive result bars entry or continuation in the program.⁵

On the other hand, some programs remain silent. Illinois State University's clinical manual makes no mention of drug testing at all, focusing instead on immunizations, TB testing, and CPR certification.⁶ And about 30 to 50 percent of programs fall into this silent category, but that silence doesn't guarantee you won't be tested once clinical sites get involved.⁵ Faulkner University, for instance, requires a drug screening before clinical practicum and even reserves the right to conduct random testing during the program.⁷

The takeaway? While a minority of programs openly require drug testing at the application stage, the reality of clinical placements means the vast majority of SLP graduate students will face a drug screen at some point. Always check both the program handbook and the policies of typical clinical affiliates in your region.

When Do SLP Programs Drug Test? Admission Vs. Clinical Placement

The real question on every applicant's mind isn't just whether SLP programs test for drugs, but when that test will happen, and whether a positive result could derail your plans before you ever set foot in a clinic. The answer hinges on a crucial distinction: admission drug testing is practically nonexistent, while clinical placement drug testing is almost guaranteed.

Admission Drug Testing Is Rare

Most SLP graduate programs do not require a drug screening as part of the application or acceptance process². The focus during admissions is on academic readiness, letters of recommendation, and personal statements. Programs that require a background check may do so early, but a drug test is not a standard filter for entry into the profession. In the rare event a university asks for a drug screen after acceptance but before orientation, it is usually tied to a broader health clearance package that immunizations and TB testing also satisfy, not a standalone gatekeeping step.

Clinical Placement Drug Testing Is the Norm

The moment you step into a healthcare or school-based setting for your practicum, drug testing becomes a standard requirement. Hospitals, rehab centers, and many school districts enforce drug-free workplace policies that extend to students working under supervision. These sites almost always require a negative drug screen, and the timing is tightly linked to your clinical calendar. Typically, the test occurs:

• Just before your first clinical rotation: Often within 30 days of the scheduled start date, to satisfy the hosting site's compliance window.
• After you have been matched with a site but prior to patient contact: Your program coordinator will notify you of the deadline, which may fall before the semester begins.
• Potentially for every new clinical placement: Some sites accept a recent test result if it falls within a certain validity window (often three to six months), but many require a fresh screen for each affiliation. Since SLP students complete at least 375 direct client contact hours SLP clinical hours requirements across multiple placements, this could mean testing more than once during the program.¹

ASHA does not set a national drug testing timeline; decisions are left to individual programs and clinical affiliates.¹ That means policies vary widely. For example, the SLP clinic handbook at Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center notes that off-site practicums may start as early as the first fall semester, so drug screens must be completed quickly. Others, like Nevada State University, use tracking systems like CALIPSO to manage compliance deadlines³, which may bundle the drug test with other clinical readiness requirements.

What About Reusing the Same Test?

Whether you can reuse a drug test depends entirely on the clinical site’s policy. One hospital may accept a test you took six weeks ago for a previous placement; another may demand a new screening. There is no universal rule, so expect coordination with your program’s clinical placement coordinator and possibly multiple trips to a lab, which can trigger SLP clinical placement anxiety. The out-of-pocket cost, which we'll cover separately, can add up.

By understanding that the real testing pressure comes from clinical sites, not admissions offices, you can plan ahead and avoid surprises once you've already committed to a program.

What Substances Are Typically Screened in an SLP Drug Test?

Drug tests used by SLP graduate programs and their affiliated clinical sites are almost always urine screens designed to detect recent use of a range of substances. The exact panel (the list of drugs it looks for) varies by program and placement, but most rely on industry-standard screens developed for healthcare education and hospital employment. The most common are the 5-, 10-, and 12-panel urine tests, with the 10-panel version serving as the baseline for many university handbooks and clinical contracts.

Common Drug Test Panels

The 5-panel test covers the primary street drugs: cannabinoids (marijuana), cocaine, amphetamines, opiates, and PCP. A 10-panel expands this to include several prescription medications that carry high misuse potential, such as benzodiazepines, barbiturates, methadone, and oxycodone. Some programs and clinic sites may request a 12-panel screen, which adds substances like tramadol, buprenorphine, or synthetic cannabinoids. For most SLP students, a 10-panel urine test is the standard, aligning with the latest federal workplace drug testing guidelines for healthcare settings².

10-Panel Drug Test Substances and Cutoff Levels

When you take a urine drug screen, the lab measures whether the concentration of a drug or its metabolite exceeds a preset cutoff. If the initial screen is positive, a confirmation test with a second cutoff is often run to rule out innocent sources like certain foods or over-the-counter medications. Below are the substances typically included in a 10-panel screen, along with the screening and confirmation cutoff levels currently used in 2025-2026.

• Marijuana (THC): Screened at 50 ng/mL¹; confirmed at 15 ng/mL². Metabolites can linger for weeks in heavy users.
• Cocaine (benzoylecgonine): Screened at 150 ng/mL¹; confirmation at 100 ng/mL¹. Typically cleared within a few days.
• Phencyclidine (PCP): Consistent 25 ng/mL cutoff for both screening and confirmation¹.
• Amphetamines: Includes methamphetamine, MDMA, and MDA. Screening cutoff 500 ng/mL¹; confirmation 250 ng/mL¹. Some prescription stimulants can trigger a positive.
• Opiates (codeine/morphine): 2,000 ng/mL cutoff¹, but the test also looks for the heroin-specific metabolite 6-acetylmorphine at just 10 ng/mL¹. Poppy seed ingestion can occasionally cause a positive for codeine/morphine.
• Fentanyl: Screened at 1 ng/mL². This extremely low cutoff reflects the potency of the drug.
• Benzodiazepines: Screening cutoff generally 200-300 ng/mL³. Medications like diazepam or alprazolam are detected for several days.
• Barbiturates, Methadone, Propoxyphene, Oxycodone/Oxymorphone: All part of the expanded panel³, each with their own detection windows. The inclusion of oxycodone is noteworthy because standard opiate tests do not reliably catch semisynthetic opioids.

Program Variations and Marijuana Testing

Not every SLP program uses the exact same panel. Some may rely on a 5-panel test if the clinical placement does not require the broader screen, while hospitals tied to strict accreditation standards often mandate the 10-panel or even a 12-panel version. Some university programs, like Northern Illinois University’s College of Health and Human Sciences, outline a 10-panel drug screen as part of their clinical readiness requirements NIU CHHS drug screening policy. A key point of confusion is marijuana testing: even in states where recreational or medical cannabis is legal, many SLP programs and hospital sites continue to screen for THC. This is because clinical facilities that receive federal funding must comply with federal drug-free workplace laws², and cannabis remains a Schedule I substance at the federal level. As a result, a positive marijuana result can still block your placement. A small number of programs have begun to drop THC from their required panel, but this is far from universal. Always check your program’s current student handbook and ask the clinical coordinator whether marijuana is included in placement drug screens; policies can shift from year to year.

What if You Have a Prescription? Handling Legal Medications

Navigating a drug screen while on a legally prescribed medication can feel like a tightrope: you need to prove your health management is legitimate without oversharing private medical details. The good news is that standard SLP drug testing protocols are built to accommodate exactly this scenario. A positive lab result for a prescribed substance isn't automatically a failure, but it does require a specific verification process that you need to understand before you walk into the collection site.

The Medical Review Officer (MRO) process

Before your test, notify the collection site staff that you are taking a prescription medication that may show up on the screen. Bring physical documentation: the original prescription bottle with the pharmacy label clearly showing your name, the drug name, dosage, and prescribing doctor, plus a recent letter from that doctor on office letterhead confirming your current treatment. Documents typically must be dated within the last 30 to 60 days to be considered current.

If the initial lab result flags a substance, you will not immediately be reported as positive to your SLP program. Instead, a Medical Review Officer (MRO), a licensed physician, will contact you, usually within 24 to 72 hours.¹ The MRO will interview you, review your documentation, and may contact your prescribing doctor directly to verify that the medication explains the lab finding. This resolution usually takes 1 to 3 business days, though more complex cases can extend to 5 to 7 business days. Importantly, the MRO only reports a final verified negative or verified positive to the program; specific prescription details, conditions, or the name of the medication are not disclosed. Your health information stays between you and the MRO.

Common pitfalls to avoid

• Failing to disclose early: If you wait until after a positive result is flagged to mention a prescription, the process becomes more adversarial and can delay your speech pathology internship clearance. Proactive disclosure builds trust.
• Relying on old prescriptions: Bringing a bottle from a discontinued treatment or a letter written a year ago will not satisfy the MRO. Your documentation must reflect current, ongoing legitimate use.
• Assuming a note fixes everything: A generic doctor's note without specific lab communication is insufficient. The MRO must independently verify through the prescribing physician or pharmacy records that the detected substance is consistent with supervised medical use.

A sample timeline to aim for

Plan to initiate the documentation step 2 to 4 weeks before any known drug screen, as initial lab results typically take 1 to 3 business days to process. Here's a realistic sequence:

• Day of test: bring prescription bottle and doctor's letter to the collection site; note your medication on any intake form.
• Within 48 hours: if flagged, expect a call from the MRO; respond promptly.
• Day 3-5: MRO contacts your doctor; you provide any additional records requested.
• Day 5-7: MRO reports a verified negative result to your SLP program, clearing you for the next step.

By treating the MRO process as a standard administrative step rather than an adversarial hurdle, you can navigate drug testing requirements smoothly and protect both your privacy and your graduate school trajectory.

What Happens if You Fail a Drug Test? Consequences and Appeals

What happens when a drug test comes back positive during SLP grad school? The response is immediate: an initial positive screening triggers a confirmatory test, usually gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), to rule out false positives. If that confirms the result, a Medical Review Officer (MRO) reviews the finding, often reaching out to you for any legitimate prescription explanation. Once confirmed, the MRO reports the verified positive result to your program coordinator or clinical director.

Immediate Consequences: Removal from Clinical Activities

The most common first step is suspension from clinical placements. Indiana University South Bend, for example, states that a student with a positive drug test is suspended from all clinical activities pending investigation and possible program dismissal.¹ Stony Brook University’s handbook notes that a positive toxicology screen prohibits clinical placements altogether and may affect graduation and licensure eligibility. Many programs treat a refusal to test as equivalent to a positive result, triggering the same disciplinary process.⁴

Program-Level Outcomes: Dismissal vs. Remediation

Outcomes vary by institution. Some programs, like Faulkner University, specify that failure of a follow-up drug test results in SLP grad school dismissal³. Mount St. Joseph University warns that non-negative drug tests can lead to dismissal from the program or suspension from the university.⁴ However, other programs offer a remedial path. Indiana University South Bend may allow reinstated students to continue, but they must undergo random drug screening each semester; any subsequent positive result leads to dismissal.¹ Misericordia University notes that a positive screening can result in inability to complete clinical placements, program dismissal, or inability to obtain licensure.⁵

Appealing a Drug Test Result

If you believe a mistake occurred, you may have the right to appeal. Deadlines are often tight, ranging from 5 to 15 business days. Acceptable grounds include procedural errors (e.g., chain-of-custody lapses) or lab mistakes. Your first move should be requesting a copy of the full toxicology report and contacting the MRO. Presenting a valid prescription from your healthcare provider before the final determination can halt disciplinary action; programs typically allow you to submit prescribing physician documentation to explain a positive result.³

Long-Term Licensure Implications

A failed drug test in grad school isn’t automatically reported to ASHA unless it results in a criminal conviction, licensing board discipline, or a formal ethical violation.¹ However, the bigger risk appears when you apply for state licensure. The California Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology Board, for instance, can order a licensee to cease practice, notify an employer, and impose sanctions ranging from fines to required supervision or re-evaluation.⁶ If you already hold a health license (e.g., as a nursing assistant) and test positive, Indiana University South Bend reports the result to the Attorney General and the Indiana Professional Licensing Agency.¹ State licensure applications often ask about past drug-related infractions or treatment programs; a graduate-program failure can become a disclosure requirement that delays or jeopardizes your future eligibility. Because clinical affiliates often set their own policies, even a single positive test can lock you out of multiple placement sites, making it impossible to complete degree requirements.

How Much Does an SLP Drug Test Cost and Who Pays?

A quick onsite instant test and a full lab-based panel sit at opposite ends of the price spectrum, and the type your program requires will determine what you spend. Understanding the cost range and who foots the bill helps you budget before your first semester even begins.

Typical Cost Ranges

Basic onsite instant tests, the kind sometimes administered at campus health centers, generally run between $20 and $40. Lab-based panels processed through a third-party facility such as LabCorp or Quest Diagnostics start around $50 and can climb to $120 or more, especially when the order includes a medical review officer (MRO) evaluation.¹ That MRO review is typically bundled into the vendor's price rather than billed separately.² Some programs use an expanded 12-panel screen, as the University of South Alabama does, which can push costs toward the higher end.³ If the drug screen is packaged with a background check and immunization verification, a single compliance bundle may total $100 to $200.⁴

Who Pays?

In most SLP graduate programs, the student is responsible for the cost.⁵ Programs at Pepperdine University⁵, Misericordia University⁶, and Salus University⁷ all place payment squarely on the student. The University of Cincinnati lists a $50 drug screen fee among its program expenses.⁸ Financial aid does not typically cover drug testing, so you'll need to pay for speech pathology graduate school costs like these out of pocket.⁹ In rare cases a clinical placement site may reimburse or arrange testing at no charge to the student, but do not count on that as the default.

Tips for Keeping Costs Down

• Ask early: Contact your program coordinator before orientation to confirm exactly which test is required and whether the university has a preferred vendor with a negotiated rate.
• Check network labs: Some health insurance plans cover occupational drug screens when ordered through an in-network lab, so call your insurer before paying the full retail price.
• Bundle strategically: If your program requires both a background check and a drug screen, purchasing them through the same compliance vendor (CastleBranch, for example) can be cheaper than ordering each service separately.
• Clarify refund policies: If a clinical site waives its drug testing requirement, ask whether you can receive a refund or credit for a test you already paid for but no longer need.

Although $50 to $120 is modest relative to overall tuition, especially at affordable slp programs, it's still an unplanned cost that catches many students off guard. A quick email to your admissions or clinical coordinator can save you both money and last-minute stress.

Questions to Ask Yourself

Background Checks and Other Pre-Enrollment Requirements

The biggest surprise for many incoming SLP students is not the coursework, but the sheer volume of administrative clearances due before you ever set foot in a clinic. While the drug test grabs attention, it is only one piece of a much larger compliance puzzle that includes criminal background checks, fingerprinting, health screenings, and professional liability insurance. Missing a single deadline can delay your clinical rotation by an entire semester.

What Clearances Are Typically Required

Most SLP graduate programs require a multi-layered background check as a condition of enrollment and clinical participation.³ The standard package includes a state-level criminal record check, an FBI fingerprint-based check, and a child abuse clearance.² Programs like Commonwealth University's MS SLP program specify all three: a Pennsylvania Criminal Record Check, a Child Abuse Clearance, and fingerprinting.¹ These checks are not driven solely by university policy: clinical affiliation agreements with hospitals, schools, and rehabilitation centers typically mandate them for anyone working on-site.

Health and Immunization Mandates

On the medical side, tuberculosis screening is nearly universal. Programs such as SIUE's Graduate SLP Program² and Commonwealth University¹ require a TB test prior to the first on-campus clinical experience. Beyond TB, expect requirements or strong recommendations for Hepatitis B, MMR, and varicella vaccinations.² COVID-19 vaccination has also become a common mandate, driven by fieldwork placement policies. DePaul University³ and SIUE² both require COVID-19 vaccination, and many programs now include annual flu shots as a strong recommendation.²

CPR Certification and Insurance

CPR certification is another standard prerequisite, though the required level matters. Commonwealth University specifies BLS certification for healthcare professionals, not a general community CPR course.¹ Professional liability insurance is also widely required. Mississippi University for Women requires malpractice insurance for all students,⁴ and national data confirms this is standard practice across SLP master's programs.⁴

Timing and Logistics

These clearances operate on a separate timeline from drug testing. Background checks alone can take several weeks, especially when FBI fingerprinting is involved. The compliance deadline across most programs falls prior to the first clinical hours, not on the first day of class, but the lead time means you should start the process the moment you receive instructions.² Keep every confirmation letter, certificate, and clearance result organized in a single folder, both digitally and in print. Different clinical placement sites may request fresh copies of the same documents, and having everything at your fingertips prevents last-minute scrambling.

How to Find SLP Programs Without Drug Testing Requirements

Which SLP graduate programs don't require drug testing? As we discussed in Do SLP Graduate Programs Drug Test?, there is no centralized directory that flags drug testing policies, so you'll need to do some legwork. The good news is that with a few targeted search tactics, you can identify programs that either do not mandate a universal drug screen or only test when a clinical site requires it, a step worth taking when choosing an slp graduate program.

Dig into Clinical Handbooks and Policy Manuals

Many SLP programs post their student handbooks or clinical manuals online, and these often spell out pre-matriculation requirements like drug testing, background checks, and immunization compliance. Search for "[program name] speech-language pathology student handbook" or "[program name] clinical manual." Once you have the PDF, look for sections on health requirements, background screening, or clinical placement policies. Some programs state explicitly that no drug screen is required at the program level, while others note that screenings are initiated only by affiliate sites.

Contact Program Coordinators Directly

If the handbook is not public or its language feels ambiguous, email the graduate coordinator or clinical placement director. A straightforward question like "Does your program require a drug screen for admission or prior to clinical placements?" typically gets a clear yes or no. This approach is especially useful because policies can shift year to year: a program that did not test last year may introduce a requirement this year, or vice versa. Always ask about the current policy for the application cycle you are entering.

Search Student Forums and Social Platforms

Sites like Reddit (r/slpGradSchool) and GradCafe contain firsthand reports from current students.¹ Look for threads about drug testing, background checks, or program onboarding. These posts often reveal whether a program tests all incoming students or only those bound for specific hospital or school placements. Keep in mind that user reports are anecdotal, so treat them as leads to verify with the program directly.

Three Broad Policy Categories

Most SLP graduate programs fall into one of three categories:

• Program-wide mandatory: Every accepted student must pass a drug test before starting classes or clinical work. For example, Pepperdine University’s MS in Speech-Language Pathology handbook states that a drug screen is required for all students prior to program start, and non-negative results can prompt disciplinary action or dismissal.²
• Site-dependent only: There is no universal program drug test, but students must comply with the testing policies of any fieldwork site they are assigned to. DePaul University follows this model: drug screenings are not required at the program level, but students must complete any screening mandated by an externship location.³
• No program-level mandate: Some programs do not list a drug test among their matriculation requirements at all. Sacred Heart University’s 2025-2026 graduate clinical manual requires a background check before registration but does not mention a universal drug screen for admitted students. This does not guarantee that a clinical site will never ask for one, but it means you are unlikely to face a testing requirement just to enroll.

Because policies are updated regularly, always confirm the current requirement directly with the program before applying.

How to Prepare for Your SLP Drug Screening

A drug screen is usually a straightforward step, but a little preparation prevents delays that could push back your clinical start date or admission.

Get the Exact Policy in Writing

Don't rely on what a current student, a Reddit thread, or a family friend told you. Policies vary by program and by the clinical sites each program uses. Email your graduate program coordinator or clinical education director and ask for the written policy, including which panel is used, who the approved vendor is, and the deadline for completion. Keep a copy of that email. If a clinical site later adds its own requirements, you'll want a paper trail showing what you were originally told.

Schedule Early

Book the test as soon as you receive instructions. Early scheduling gives you a buffer if the sample is diluted, the lab needs a recollection, or a Medical Review Officer (MRO) needs to contact you about a flagged result. MRO review alone can add three to five business days. Waiting until the week before orientation is how students end up starting placements late.

Bring the Right Documentation

Walk into the collection site with:

• Photo ID: a driver's license or passport is standard.
• Prescription list: every current medication, including dosage and prescribing physician.
• Doctor's letter: for any controlled substance (stimulants for ADHD, benzodiazepines, opioids), ask your prescriber for a brief letter confirming the prescription is active and legitimate.

Disclose Everything Upfront

Poppy seed bagels, CBD products, certain cold medicines, and some weight-loss supplements can occasionally trigger a positive result. Tell the MRO about anything you've taken in the past 30 days. Honesty at the front end is treated very differently than a surprise finding later.

Frequently Asked Questions About SLP Drug Testing

These are some of the most common questions prospective and current SLP graduate students ask about drug screening policies. Each answer summarizes practical guidance covered throughout this article.

Do all SLP graduate programs drug test?

No. Drug testing is not a universal requirement across SLP graduate programs. Most programs that do require screening tie it to clinical placement rather than general admission. Policies vary widely by university, clinical site, and state regulations, so you should check directly with each program you are considering.

When do SLP students get drug tested?

The most common testing point is before a clinical placement begins, since hospitals, school districts, and other partner sites often set their own screening requirements. Some programs also test at admission or when students rotate to a new clinical site. You may receive as little as 24 to 72 hours of notice before a scheduled test.¹

What happens if you fail a drug test in an SLP program?

Consequences depend on the program and clinical site. Common outcomes include removal from a clinical placement, delayed graduation, or dismissal from the program. Under many policies, refusing or missing a testing deadline is treated the same as a positive result.¹ Some programs offer an appeals or retesting process, so review your student handbook carefully.

Can you take prescription medication before an SLP drug test?

Yes, but you should be prepared to document your prescription. Certain legally prescribed medications can trigger a positive result on a standard screening panel. Have your prescribing provider's contact information and pharmacy records ready, and inform the testing facility's Medical Review Officer so the result can be properly verified.

How much does an SLP drug test cost?

Costs typically range from around $30 to $60 for a standard urine screening.² Confirmation testing can raise the total. In many cases, clinical sites or programs cover the fee. However, some programs require students to pay out of pocket. Board-ordered monitoring tests during disciplinary proceedings are also usually the individual's responsibility.²

Are there SLP programs that don't drug test?

Yes. Because drug testing is usually driven by clinical site requirements rather than program policy, some programs with clinical placements in settings that do not screen may never require a test. Contact prospective programs directly and ask about the drug screening policies at each affiliated clinical site to get a clear picture.

Do SLP programs test for marijuana in states where it is legal?

Many clinical sites still screen for marijuana regardless of state legality, because federal law and facility accreditation standards often govern workplace drug policies. A standard screening panel typically includes THC. Even in states with legal recreational or medical marijuana, a positive result could jeopardize your clinical placement.

Is a background check the same as a drug test for SLP programs?

No. Most state SLP licensing boards require a criminal background check for initial licensure³, but a background check does not include substance screening. Drug tests are a separate requirement and are more commonly mandated by individual clinical placement sites rather than by the licensing board itself.

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